Internet of Nano-Things, Things and Everything: Future Growth Trends

Mahdi H. Miraz, Maaruf Ali, Peter S. Excell and Richard Picking
Additional contact information
Mahdi H. Miraz: Centre for Financial Regulation and Economic Development (CFRED), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
Maaruf Ali: International Association of Educators and Researchers (IAER), Kemp House, 160 City Road, London EC1V 2NX, UK
Peter S. Excell: Faculty of Art, Science and Technology, Wrexham Glyndŵr University, Wrexham LL11 2AW, UK
Richard Picking: Faculty of Art, Science and Technology, Wrexham Glyndŵr University, Wrexham LL11 2AW, UK

Future Internet, 2018, vol. 10, issue 8, 1-28

Abstract: The current statuses and future promises of the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE) and Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT) are extensively reviewed and a summarized survey is presented. The analysis clearly distinguishes between IoT and IoE, which are wrongly considered to be the same by many commentators. After evaluating the current trends of advancement in the fields of IoT, IoE and IoNT, this paper identifies the 21 most significant current and future challenges as well as scenarios for the possible future expansion of their applications. Despite possible negative aspects of these developments, there are grounds for general optimism about the coming technologies. Certainly, many tedious tasks can be taken over by IoT devices. However, the dangers of criminal and other nefarious activities, plus those of hardware and software errors, pose major challenges that are a priority for further research. Major specific priority issues for research are identified.

Keywords: internet of things (IoT); internet of everything (IoE); internet of nano-things (IoNT); bio internet of nano-things (BIoNT); medical internet of things (MIoT); consumer internet of things (CIoT); industrial internet of things (IIoT); human internet of things (HIoT); narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT); identity of things (IDoT); connectedness; gartner hype cycle; cyber-physical system (CPS); tactile internet; future internet (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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