A VPN Performances Analysis of Constrained Hardware Open Source Infrastructure Deploy in IoT Environment

Antonio Francesco Gentile, Davide Macrì, Floriano De Rango, Mauro Tropea () and Emilio Greco
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Antonio Francesco Gentile: Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Bucci, 8/9C, 87036 Rende, Italy
Davide Macrì: Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Bucci, 8/9C, 87036 Rende, Italy
Floriano De Rango: DIMES Department, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 39/C, 87036 Rende, Italy
Mauro Tropea: DIMES Department, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 39/C, 87036 Rende, Italy
Emilio Greco: Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Bucci, 8/9C, 87036 Rende, Italy

Future Internet, 2022, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-27

Abstract: Virtual private network (VPN) represents an HW/SW infrastructure that implements private and confidential communication channels that usually travel through the Internet. VPN is currently one of the most reliable technologies to achieve this goal, also because being a consolidated technology, it is possible to apply appropriate patches to remedy any security holes. In this paper we analyze the performances of open source firmware OpenWrt 21.x compared with a server-side operating system (Debian 11 x64) and Mikrotik 7.x, also virtualized, and different types of clients (Windows 10/11, iOS 15, Android 11, OpenWrt 21.x, Debian 11 x64 and Mikrotik 7.x), observing the performance of the network according to the current implementation of the various protocols and algorithms of VPN tunnel examined on what are the most recent HW and SW for deployment in outdoor locations with poor network connectivity. Specifically, operating systems provide different performance metric values for various combinations of configuration variables. The first pursued goal is to find the algorithms to guarantee a data transmission/encryption ratio as efficiently as possible. The second goal is to research the algorithms capable of guaranteeing the widest spectrum of compatibility with the current infrastructures that support VPN technology, to obtain a connection system secure for geographically scattered IoT networks spread over difficult-to-manage areas such as suburban or rural environments. The third goal is to be able to use open firmware on constrained routers that provide compatibility with different VPN protocols.

Keywords: VPN; IPsec; SSTP; OpenVPN; OpenConnect; Accel-PPP; Mikrotik; Linux; Windows 10/11; iOS; Android; Mac OS X; OpenWrt; IoT; Libreswan; Strongswan IKE; TLS; SSL (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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