Implementation and Evaluation of a Federated Learning Framework on Raspberry PI Platforms for IoT 6G Applications

Lorenzo Ridolfi, David Naseh, Swapnil Sadashiv Shinde and Daniele Tarchi ()
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Lorenzo Ridolfi: Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
David Naseh: Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Swapnil Sadashiv Shinde: Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Daniele Tarchi: Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy

Future Internet, 2023, vol. 15, issue 11, 1-23

Abstract: With the advent of 6G technology, the proliferation of interconnected devices necessitates a robust, fully connected intelligence network. Federated Learning (FL) stands as a key distributed learning technique, showing promise in recent advancements. However, the integration of novel Internet of Things (IoT) applications and virtualization technologies has introduced diverse and heterogeneous devices into wireless networks. This diversity encompasses variations in computation, communication, storage resources, training data, and communication modes among connected nodes. In this context, our study presents a pivotal contribution by analyzing and implementing FL processes tailored for 6G standards. Our work defines a practical FL platform, employing Raspberry Pi devices and virtual machines as client nodes, with a Windows PC serving as a parameter server. We tackle the image classification challenge, implementing the FL model via PyTorch, augmented by the specialized FL library, Flower. Notably, our analysis delves into the impact of computational resources, data availability, and heating issues across heterogeneous device sets. Additionally, we address knowledge transfer and employ pre-trained networks in our FL performance evaluation. This research underscores the indispensable role of artificial intelligence in IoT scenarios within the 6G landscape, providing a comprehensive framework for FL implementation across diverse and heterogeneous devices.

Keywords: federated learning; transfer learning; virtual machines; raspberry PI; proof-of-concept (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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