Protecting Hybrid ITS Networks: A Comprehensive Security Approach

Ricardo Severino (), José Simão (), Nuno Datia and António Serrador
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Ricardo Severino: Lisbon School of Engineering (ISEL), Polytechnic University of Lisbon (IPL), 1549-020 Lisboa, Portugal
José Simão: Lisbon School of Engineering (ISEL), Polytechnic University of Lisbon (IPL), 1549-020 Lisboa, Portugal
Nuno Datia: Lisbon School of Engineering (ISEL), Polytechnic University of Lisbon (IPL), 1549-020 Lisboa, Portugal
António Serrador: Lisbon School of Engineering (ISEL), Polytechnic University of Lisbon (IPL), 1549-020 Lisboa, Portugal

Future Internet, 2023, vol. 15, issue 12, 1-26

Abstract: Cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS) continue to be developed to enhance transportation safety and sustainability. However, the communication of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) systems is inherently open, leading to vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit. This represents a threat to all road users, as security failures can lead to privacy violations or even fatalities. Moreover, a high fatality rate is correlated with soft-mobility road users. Therefore, when developing C-ITS systems, it is important to broaden the focus beyond connected vehicles to include soft-mobility users and legacy vehicles. This work presents a new approach developed in the context of emerging hybrid networks, combining intelligent transport systems operating in 5.9 GHz (ITS-G5) and radio-mobile cellular technologies. Two protocols were implemented and evaluated to introduce security guarantees (such as privacy and integrity) in communications within the developed C-ITS hybrid environment. As a result, this work securely integrates G5-connected ITS stations and soft-mobility users through a smartphone application via cellular networks. Commercial equipment was used for this goal, including on-board and roadside units. Computational, transmission and end-to-end latency were used to assess the system’s performance. Implemented protocols introduce an additional 11% end-to-end latency in hybrid communications. Moreover, workflows employing hybrid communications impose, on average, an extra 28.29 ms of end-to-end latency. The proposal shows promise, as it reaches end-to-end times below the latency requirements imposed in most C-ITS use cases.

Keywords: C-ITS; ITS-G5; cellular network; hybrid network; security; privacy; integrity; V2X (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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