BLE Signal Reception and Localization Performance with Varying Receiver and Beacon Setups

Brahim Benaissa (), Filip Hendrichovsky, Mansur As and Kaori Yoshida
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Brahim Benaissa: Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku Ward, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
Filip Hendrichovsky: Center for Vision, Automation & Control, High-Performance Vision Systems, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH. Giefinggasse 4, Vienna 1210, Australia
Mansur As: Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. Willem Iskandar, Pasar V, Medan 20221, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Kaori Yoshida: Department of Human Intelligent Systems, Graduate School of Life Science and System Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan

Future Internet, 2025, vol. 17, issue 2, 1-32

Abstract: This paper examines the performance of Bluetooth Low Energy signal reception for indoor localization by analyzing the interactions between gateways, beacons, and receiver placements. The study investigates the effect of different BLE beacon placements on signal strength and localization accuracy. It evaluates ten receiver ceiling-mounted and wall-mounted configurations, as well as five beacon body positions: shoulder, front pocket, back pocket, and wrist. A dataset comprising 2700 data points was collected and localization accuracy was assessed using a Radial Basis Function-based methodology. The results demonstrate that ceiling-mounted gateways offer more stable signal strength and enhanced localization accuracy compared to wall-mounted gateways. The findings highlight the significance of optimizing both gateway positioning and body placement to improve the performance of BLE-based indoor positioning systems.

Keywords: bluetooth low energy signal reception; indoor localization; gateway and beacon interactions; open-source dataset (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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