Composite Index of Poverty Based on Sustainable Rural Livelihood Framework: A Case from Manggarai Barat, Indonesia

Ardiyanto Maksimilianus Gai (), Rustiadi Ernan, Baba Barus and Akhmad Fauzi
Additional contact information
Ardiyanto Maksimilianus Gai: Regional and Rural Development Planning Science, Faculty of Economic and Management, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Rustiadi Ernan: Division of Regional Development Planning, Department of Soil and Land Resource, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Baba Barus: Center for Regional Systems Analysis, Planning and Development (CrestPent), IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Akhmad Fauzi: Department of Resource and Environmental Economics and Management, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Geographies, 2025, vol. 5, issue 4, 1-27

Abstract: Rural poverty in Indonesia remains a complex issue involving various aspects. West Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara, is a national tourist destination and a significant focus of national development, yet poverty rates remain very high. Therefore, this study developed a Composite Poverty Index (CPI) using the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Approach (SRLA) to illustrate the complexity of rural deprivation in West Manggarai Regency. The CPI was developed by normalizing eighteen validated indicators across five livelihood capitals—human, social, natural, physical, and financial. These indicators were then classified using a Likert-type scale, and their weights were determined through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to produce village-level CIP scores. The results show that most villages fall into the “Moderate” category (CIP: 0.40–0.60), reflecting chronic but not extreme deprivation. Spatial inequalities are evident, particularly in access to education, infrastructure, clean water, financial services, and ecological resources. Remote villages recorded higher CIP scores. Natural and economic capital were weakest, while human and social capital performed relatively well. Therefore, poverty alleviation in West Manggarai requires an integrated strategy tailored to local spatial conditions and livelihood capital.

Keywords: composite index; multidimensional poverty; spatial inequality; sustainable rural livelihoods (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q15 Q5 Q53 Q54 Q56 Q57 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7086/5/4/58/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7086/5/4/58/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jgeogr:v:5:y:2025:i:4:p:58-:d:1767766

Access Statistics for this article

Geographies is currently edited by Ms. Fannie Xu

More articles in Geographies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().