The Complex Epidemiological Scenario of West Nile Virus in Italy

Luisa Barzon, Monia Pacenti, Elisa Franchin, Laura Squarzon, Enrico Lavezzo, Margherita Cattai, Riccardo Cusinato and Giorgio Palù
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Luisa Barzon: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
Monia Pacenti: Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
Elisa Franchin: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
Laura Squarzon: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
Enrico Lavezzo: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
Margherita Cattai: Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
Riccardo Cusinato: Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
Giorgio Palù: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padova, Italy

IJERPH, 2013, vol. 10, issue 10, 1-21

Abstract: Entomological, veterinary, and human surveillance systems for West Nile virus (WNV) infection have been implemented in Italy since the first detection of the virus in 1998. These surveillance activities documented a progressive increase of WNV activity and spread in different regions and the emergence of new WNV lineages and strains. Italy is a paradigmatic example of the complex epidemiology of WNV in Europe, where sporadic cases of WNV infection, clusters, and small outbreaks have been reported in several regions. In addition, different strains of both WNV lineage 1 and lineage 2 have been identified, even co-circulating in the same area.

Keywords: West Nile virus; epidemiology; phylogenetic analysis; surveillance; Italy; mosquitoes; human; horses; neuroinvasive disease; seroprevalence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2013
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