Evaluation of Mobility, Bioavailability and Toxicity of Pb and Cd in Contaminated Soil Using TCLP, BCR and Earthworms

Maria Luiza F. M. Kede, Fabio V. Correia, Paulo F. Conceição, Sidney F. Salles Junior, Marcia Marques, Josino C. Moreira and Daniel V. Pérez
Additional contact information
Maria Luiza F. M. Kede: Post-Graduation Program in Environmental Science, Rio de Janeiro State University—UERJ, Rua Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
Fabio V. Correia: Department of Natural Science, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil
Paulo F. Conceição: Department of Natural Science, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil
Sidney F. Salles Junior: Department of Natural Science, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro—UNIRIO, Av. Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil
Marcia Marques: Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University—UERJ, Rua Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
Josino C. Moreira: National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation—FIOCRUZ, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
Daniel V. Pérez: Nacional Centre of Soil Research EMBRAPA-Solos, Rua Jardim Botânico, 1024, Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro 22460-000, Brazil

IJERPH, 2014, vol. 11, issue 11, 1-13

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the reduction of mobility, availability and toxicity found in soil contaminated with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from Santo Amaro Municipality, Bahia, Brazil using two combined methods, commonly tested separately according to the literature: metal mobilization with phosphates and phytoextraction. The strategy applied was the treatment with two sources of phosphates (separately and mixed) followed by phytoremediation with vetiver grass ( Vetiveria zizanioides (L.)). The treatments applied (in triplicates) were: T1—potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ); T2—reactive natural phosphate fertilizer (NRP) and; T3—a mixture 1:1 of KH 2 PO 4 and NRP. After this step, untreated and treated soils were planted with vetiver grass. The extraction procedures and assays applied to contaminated soil before and after the treatments included metal mobility test (TCLP); sequential extraction with BCR method; toxicity assays with Eisenia andrei . The soil-to-plant transfer factors (TF) for Pb and Cd were estimated in all cases. All treatments with phosphates followed by phytoremediation reduced the mobility and availability of Pb and Cd, being KH 2 PO 4 (T1) plus phytoremediation the most effective one. Soil toxicity however, remained high after all treatments.

Keywords: contaminated soil; toxic metals; remediation; phosphate; phytoremediation; vetiver grass; availability; TCLP; BCR; Eisenia andrei (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/11/11528/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/11/11528/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:11:p:11528-11540:d:42088

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().