Rat Lung Response to PM 2.5 Exposure under Different Cold Stresses

Bin Luo, Hongxia Shi, Lina Wang, Yanrong Shi, Cheng Wang, Jingli Yang, Yaxiong Wan and Jingping Niu
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Bin Luo: Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Hongxia Shi: Lanzhou university Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
Lina Wang: Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Yanrong Shi: Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Cheng Wang: Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Jingli Yang: Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Yaxiong Wan: Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Jingping Niu: Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

IJERPH, 2014, vol. 11, issue 12, 1-12

Abstract: Ambient particulate matters and temperature were reported to have additive effects over the respiratory disease hospital admissions and deaths. The purpose of this study is to discuss the interactive pulmonary toxicities of cold stress and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure by estimating inflammation and oxidative stress responses. 48 Wistar male rats, matched by weight and age, were randomly assigned to six groups, which were treated with cold stress alone (0 °C, 10 °C, and 20 °C (Normal control)) and cold stresses plus PM 2.5 exposures respectively. Cold stress alone groups were intratracheal instillation of 0.25 mL normal saline, while cold stress plus PM 2.5 exposure groups were intratracheal instillation of 8 mg/0.25 mL PM 2.5 . These procedures were carried out for three times with an interval of 48 hours for each treatment. All rats were sacrificed after 48 hours of the third treatment. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for analyzing inflammatory cells and cytokines, and lung homogenate MDA was determined for oxidative stress estimation. Results showed higher level of total cell and neutrophil in the BALF of PM 2.5 exposed groups ( p < 0.05). Negative relationships between cold stress intensity and the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), C-reactive protein (CRP) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in BALF were indicated in PM 2.5 exposure groups. Exposure to cold stress alone caused significant increase of inflammatory cytokines and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and decline of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity only in 0 °C exposure group ( p < 0.05). The two-way ANOVA found significant interactive effects between PM 2.5 exposure and cold stress in the level of neutrophil, IL-6 and IL-8 and SOD activity ( p < 0.05). These data demonstrated that inflammation and oxidative stress involved in the additive effect of PM 2.5 exposure and cold stress on pulmonary toxicity, providing explanation for epidemiological studies on the health effect of ambient PM 2.5 and cold stress.

Keywords: fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ); cold stress; inflammatory response; oxidative stress; rat lung (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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