Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among Workers: The Role of Interactions between Smoking and Alcohol to Nutrition and Exercise

Jui-Hua Huang, Ren-Hau Li, Shu-Ling Huang, Hon-Ke Sia, Yu-Ling Chen and Feng-Cheng Tang
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Jui-Hua Huang: Occupational Health Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
Ren-Hau Li: Department of Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
Shu-Ling Huang: Department of Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
Hon-Ke Sia: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
Yu-Ling Chen: Occupational Health Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
Feng-Cheng Tang: Department of Occupational Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2015, vol. 12, issue 12, 1-12

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate (1) relations of smoking and alcohol to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, with nutrition and exercise controlled; and (2) interactions between smoking/alcohol and nutrition/exercise on MetS. This cross-sectional study enrolled 4025 workers. Self-reported lifestyles, anthropometric values, blood pressure (BP), and biochemical determinations were obtained. Among males, smoking significantly increased the risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high triglyceride, abdominal obesity (AO), and MetS. Additionally, smoking showed significant interaction effects with nutrition on high BP, AO, and MetS; after further analysis, nutrition did not decrease above-mentioned risks for smokers. However, there was no significant interaction of smoking with exercise on any metabolic parameter. Alcohol increased the risk of AO, but decreased low HDL-C. It also showed an interaction effect with exercise on AO; after further analysis, exercise decreased AO risk for drinkers. Among females, alcohol significantly decreased the risk of high fasting blood glucose, but did not show significant interaction with nutrition/exercise on any metabolic parameter. In conclusion, in males, smoking retained significant associations with MetS and its components, even considering benefits of nutrition; exercise kept predominance on lipid parameters regardless of smoking status. Alcohol showed inconsistencies on metabolic parameters for both genders.

Keywords: alcohol; health promotion; metabolic syndrome; nutrition and exercise behaviors; smoking; worker (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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