Adult Psychotic Symptoms, Their Associated Risk Factors and Changes in Prevalence in Men and Women Over a Decade in a Poor Rural District of Kenya

Rachel Jenkins, Caleb Othieno, Linnet Ongeri, Bernards Ogutu, Peter Sifuna, James Kingora, David Kiima, Michael Ongecha and Raymond Omollo
Additional contact information
Rachel Jenkins: Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, de Crespigny Park, London SE 5 8AF, UK
Caleb Othieno: Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
Linnet Ongeri: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya
Bernards Ogutu: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya
Peter Sifuna: Kombewa Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems, Kombewa, P.O Box 54-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
James Kingora: Kenya Medical Training College, Nairobi, P.O. Box 30195, GPO-00100, Kenya
David Kiima: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian, Kisumu P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kenya
Michael Ongecha: Ministry of Health, Nairobi P.O. Box 30016, GPO-00100, Kenya
Raymond Omollo: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Kenya

IJERPH, 2015, vol. 12, issue 5, 1-19

Abstract: There have been no repeat surveys of psychotic symptoms in Kenya or indeed subSaharan Africa. A mental health epidemiological survey was therefore conducted in a demographic surveillance site of a Kenyan household population in 2013 to test the hypothesis that the prevalence of psychotic symptoms would be similar to that found in an earlier sample drawn from the same sample frame in 2004, using the same overall methodology and instruments. This 2013 study found that the prevalence of one or more psychotic symptoms was 13.9% with one or more symptoms and 3.8% with two or more symptoms, while the 2004 study had found that the prevalence of single psychotic symptoms in rural Kenya was 8% of the adult population, but only 0.6% had two symptoms and none had three or more psychotic symptoms. This change was accounted for by a striking increase in psychotic symptoms in women (17.8% in 2013 compared with 6.9% in 2004, p < 0.001), whereas there was no significant change in men (10.6% in 2013 compared with 9.4% in 2004, p = 0.582). Potential reasons for this increase in rate of psychotic symptoms in women are explored.

Keywords: psychotic symptoms; prevalence; risk factors; repeat survey; time trend; Kenya (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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