Cross-Sectional Study of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in the Pantanal Population before Vaccine Implementation in Brazil: Usage of Non-Invasive Specimen Collection

Renata Santos Tourinho, Adilson José De Almeida, Livia Melo Villar, Paula Guerra Murat, Gina Jonasson Mousquer Capelin, Ana Rita Coimbra Motta Castro and Vanessa Salete De Paula
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Renata Santos Tourinho: Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Cx Postal 926. Av., Brasil 4365, CEP: 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
Adilson José De Almeida: Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Cx Postal 926. Av., Brasil 4365, CEP: 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
Livia Melo Villar: Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Cx Postal 926. Av., Brasil 4365, CEP: 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil
Paula Guerra Murat: Departamento de Farmácia Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Cx Postal 549, Brazil
Gina Jonasson Mousquer Capelin: Departamento de Farmácia Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Cx Postal 549, Brazil
Ana Rita Coimbra Motta Castro: Departamento de Farmácia Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Cx Postal 549, Brazil
Vanessa Salete De Paula: Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Cx Postal 926. Av., Brasil 4365, CEP: 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil

IJERPH, 2015, vol. 12, issue 7, 1-13

Abstract: Population-based prevalence studies are essential tools for screening of hepatitis A and provide important data on susceptible groups. However, surveillance in isolated communities is difficult because of the limited access to these areas and the need for blood sample collection. This study aimed to determine the anti-HAV prevalence using oral fluid samples to provide an alternative tool for epidemiological studies that might be useful for vaccination-related decisions. The study population was composed of 224 volunteers from South Pantanal, aged 3 to 86 years old. This study was performed using oral fluids, previously standardized for anti-HAV antibody detection, which were collected using a ChemBio device. Eluates were tested using modified commercial EIA to detect anti-HAV antibodies. The overall prevalence was 79.1%, corresponding to 178 reactive EIA tests out of 224 samples. The age stratified data revealed a prevalence of 47.8% between 0–10 years, 84% in 11–20 years and 91.9% in subjects older than 21 years. Results indicate that hepatitis A prevalence was higher in adolescents and adults, corroborating the literature reports. Thus, oral fluid samples could replace serum in HAV epidemiological studies in isolated communities as they are efficient at detecting anti-HAV antibodies.

Keywords: hepatitis A; epidemiology; oral fluid; vaccine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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