The Pattern of Variation between Diarrhea and Malaria Coexistence with Corresponding Risk Factors in, Chikhwawa, Malawi: A Bivariate Multilevel Analysis

Salule Masangwi, Neil Ferguson, Anthony Grimason, Tracy Morse and Lawrence Kazembe
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Salule Masangwi: Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi
Neil Ferguson: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
Anthony Grimason: Scotland Chikhwawa Health Initiative (SCHI), P.O. Box 30376, Blantyre 3, Malawi
Tracy Morse: Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), University of Malawi, The Polytechnic, P/B 303, Blantyre, Malawi
Lawrence Kazembe: Department of Statistics and Population Studies, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionerspark, P/Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia

IJERPH, 2015, vol. 12, issue 7, 1-16

Abstract: Developing countries face a huge burden of infectious diseases, a number of which co-exist. This paper estimates the pattern and variation of malaria and diarrhea coexistence in Chikhwawa, a district in Southern Malawi using bivariate multilevel modelling with Bayesian estimation. A probit link was employed to examine hierarchically built data from a survey of individuals (n = 6,727) nested within households (n = 1,380) nested within communities (n = 33). Results show significant malaria [ ] and diarrhea [ ] variations with a strong correlation between them [ ] at household level. There are significant malaria [ ] and diarrhea [ ] variations at community level but with a small correlation [ ] between them. There is also significant correlation between malaria and diarrhea at individual level [ 0.241]. These results suggest a close association between reported malaria-like illness and diarrheal illness especially at household and individual levels in Southern Malawi.

Keywords: malaria and diarrhea coexistence; random effects; Bayesian Analysis; bivariate multilevel analysis; household and community variation; Southern Malawi (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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