Diagnosed but Not Undiagnosed Diabetes Is Associated with Depression in Rural Areas

Zhao Li, Xiaofan Guo, Hongkun Jiang, Guozhe Sun, Yingxian Sun and Maria Roselle Abraham
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Zhao Li: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Xiaofan Guo: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Hongkun Jiang: Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Guozhe Sun: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Yingxian Sun: Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Maria Roselle Abraham: Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

IJERPH, 2016, vol. 13, issue 11, 1-10

Abstract: Background : There is a lack of study on the relation between undiagnosed diabetes and depression in the general population. Methods : A total of 11,531 adults were examined using a multistage cluster sampling method to select a representative sample of individuals who were at least 35 years old. Subjects were classified into three groups: no diabetes (ND), diagnosed diabetes (DD), and undiagnosed diabetes (UD). The participants were surveyed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results : Of all the 11,531 participants, the prevalence of depression was higher in the DD group than in the other two groups. Multi variable logistic regression analyses show that the DD group had significantly higher odds for depression compared with the ND group ( p < 0.01), while the UD group showed no significant differences compared to the ND group. Subgroup analyses show that diagnosed diabetes in subjects with a lower educational level, compared with subjects with an educational level of high school or above, had higher odds for a PHQ-9 score ?5 ( p < 0.01). Conclusion : In this general population, diagnosed but not undiagnosed diabetes was significantly associated with depression. Much higher odds for depression were found among diagnosed diabetic individuals with a lower level of education.

Keywords: depression; diagnosed diabetes; population (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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