Structure, Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Culex pipiens Complex in Shanghai, China

Qiang Gao, Chenglong Xiong, Fei Su, Hui Cao, Jianjun Zhou and Qingwu Jiang
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Qiang Gao: Department of Public Health Microbiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 232000, China
Chenglong Xiong: Department of Public Health Microbiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 232000, China
Fei Su: Department of Vectors Prevention, Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Huangpu District, Shanghai 232000, China
Hui Cao: Department of Vectors Prevention, Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Huangpu District, Shanghai 232000, China
Jianjun Zhou: Department of Vectors Prevention, Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Huangpu District, Shanghai 232000, China
Qingwu Jiang: Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 232000, China

IJERPH, 2016, vol. 13, issue 11, 1-11

Abstract: Background: Culex pipiens molestus was first reported in Shanghai in 2010. The population structures and seasonal distributions of Culex pipiens subspecies C. p. molestus , Culex pipiens pallens , and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are not well known. Methods: From late February to November 2013, we conducted daily field surveillance of mosquitoes at eight sites at two green lands and three residential areas in downtown Shanghai. Morphological comparison and DV/D ratios (DV/D is an indicator of mosquito taxonomy) were used to identify adult mosquitoes. Results: The distribution curves of the Culex pipiens complex members indicated seasonal fluctuations. The temperature range of 20–25 °C was the most suitable for adult activity. Micro-environmental factors may differentiate the complex population structures. Hybridization between C. p. pallens and C. p. quinquefasciatus was common and neither “DV/D = 0.40” nor “DV/D = 0.50” can distinguish these subspecies and their hybrids. Conclusion : the population structure of the Culex pipiens complex is complex and characterized by significant hybridization. Measures other than DV/D ratios are needed for the discrimination of subspecies. The C. p. molestus invasion might result in the transmission of novel vector-borne diseases in Shanghai.

Keywords: Culex pipiens complex; population structure; seasonality; micro-environment; DV/D ratio; C. p. molestus; downtown Shanghai (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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