Facilitators and Barriers of Smokers’ Compliance with Smoking Bans in Public Places: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Literature

Li Zhou, Lu Niu, Hui Jiang, Caixiao Jiang and Shuiyuan Xiao
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Li Zhou: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
Lu Niu: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
Hui Jiang: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
Caixiao Jiang: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
Shuiyuan Xiao: Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China

IJERPH, 2016, vol. 13, issue 12, 1-12

Abstract: Background : Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is associated with an increased risk of many diseases. Many countries have ratified a national smoking ban in public places, but studies on factors related to smoking issues in public places post-ban are lacking. Aim : To identify facilitators and barriers that influenced smokers’ compliance with smoking bans in public places. Methods : Using PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Web of Science database, we conducted a systematic search of English articles published before June 2015 on factors of smokers’ compliance with the smoking bans in public places. Results : A total of 390 references were identified, among which seventeen articles (twelve quantitative studies, two qualitative studies, three mixed-method studies) were included in this review. These studies focused on four types of public places including recreational venues ( n = 7), hospital ( n = 5), school ( n = 4), and workplace ( n = 1). Factors at the individual-, interpersonal-, and organizational-level were identified: at the individual level, nicotine dependence, insufficiency of tobacco-related knowledge, and the negative attitudes towards smoking bans were the most commonly identified barriers; at the interpersonal level, the smoking behaviors of people around, close relatives, and friends’ approval were the main barriers; and at the organizational level, the main barriers were inefficient implementation of the bans and the inconvenience of the designative smoking areas. Conclusions : This synthesis of the literature provided evidence of the identified barriers and facilitators of smokers’ compliance with the smoking bans. It will be beneficial for the policy-maker to consider interventions on multiple levels of factors to overcome the barriers and enhance smokers’ compliance with the smoking bans in public places.

Keywords: facilitators; barriers; smoking bans; public places; environmental tobacco smoke (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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