Diabetes Mellitus, ArterialWall, and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Michaela Kozakova and Carlo Palombo
Additional contact information
Michaela Kozakova: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
Carlo Palombo: Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy

IJERPH, 2016, vol. 13, issue 2, 1-14

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Adults with diabetes are two to four times more likely to develop heart disease or stroke than adults without diabetes. The two major features of diabetes, i.e., hyperglycemia and insulin-resistance, trigger arterial stiffening and increase the susceptibility of the arterial wall to atherosclerosis at any given age. These pathological changes in the arterial wall may provide a functional and structural background for cardiovascular events. The present paper provides a critical overview of the clinical evidence linking diabetes-related metabolic abnormalities to cardiovascular risk, debates the pathophysiologic mechanisms through which insulin resistance and hyperglycemia may affect the arterial wall, and discusses the associations between vascular biomarkers, metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular events.

Keywords: diabetes; atherosclerosis; arterial stiffness; cardiovascular risk; hyperglycemia; insulin resistance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/2/201/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/2/201/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:2:p:201-:d:63604

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().