Physiological and Molecular Response of Prorocentrum minimum to Tannic Acid: An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Feasibility of Using Tannic Acid in Controling the Red Tide in a Eutrophic Coastal Water

Byungkwan Jeong, Eui-Suk Jeong, Jacqueline Martha Malazarte and Yongsik Sin
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Byungkwan Jeong: Department of Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo 530-729, Korea
Eui-Suk Jeong: Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 701-310, Korea
Jacqueline Martha Malazarte: Department of Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo 530-729, Korea
Yongsik Sin: Department of Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo 530-729, Korea

IJERPH, 2016, vol. 13, issue 5, 1-13

Abstract: Bioassay and gene expression experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the growth and physiology of Prorocentrum minimum isolated from a eutrophic coastal water in response to tannic acid. In the bioassay experiments, variations in abundance, chlorophyll (chl) a concentration, maximum fluorescence ( in vivo Fm), and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) were measured over the course of a seven-day incubation. Moreover, stress-related gene expression in both the control and an experimental (2.5 ppm TA treatment) group was observed for 24 h and 48 h. The molecular markers used in this study were the heat shock proteins ( Hsp 70 and Hsp 90) and cyclophilin ( CYP ). The findings show that P. minimum can thrive and grow at low concentrations (<2.5 ppm) of tannic acid, and, above this concentration, cells begin to slow down development. In addition, TA concentration of 10 ppm halted photosynthetic activity. At the molecular level, treatment with tannic acid increased the expression of Hsp 70, Hsp 90, and CYP , and heat shock proteins are more upregulated than the cyclophilin gene. Exposure to tannic acid increased the expression of stress factors over time (48 h) by 10- to 27-fold the expression level of the control group. These results suggest that tannic acid can be used to control harmful algal blooms such as those containing P. minimum in eutrophic coastal waters.

Keywords: harmful algal bloom; Prorocentrum minimum; red tide; tannic acid (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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