Analysis of the Relationship between Estradiol and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Concentrations and Polymorphisms of Apolipoprotein E and LeptinGenes in Women Post-Menopause

Aleksandra Rył, Andrzej Jasiewicz, Anna Grzywacz, Grażyna Adler, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Iwona Rotter, Olimpia Sipak-Szmigiel, Bogdan Rumianowski, Beata Karakiewicz, Anna Jurczak, Miłosz Parczewski, Anna Urbańska, Marta Grabowska and Maria Laszczyńska
Additional contact information
Aleksandra Rył: Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
Andrzej Jasiewicz: Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland
Anna Grzywacz: Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-460, Poland
Grażyna Adler: Department of Gerontobiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka: Department of Gerontobiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
Iwona Rotter: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
Olimpia Sipak-Szmigiel: Department of Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
Bogdan Rumianowski: Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
Beata Karakiewicz: Department of Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
Anna Jurczak: Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
Miłosz Parczewski: Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-455, Poland
Anna Urbańska: Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-455, Poland
Marta Grabowska: Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
Maria Laszczyńska: Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland

IJERPH, 2016, vol. 13, issue 6, 1-10

Abstract: Background : Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular activity. A review of the available literature indicates that correlations between the changes that take place in a woman’s body after menopause and different genetic variants are still being sought. Methods : The study was conducted in 252 women who had completed physiological menopause. The women were divided into groups according to the time elapsed since menopause. The total concentrations of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone were determined by means of electrochemiluminescence. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) and lepitn (LEP) genotypes were determined by real-time PCR and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively. Results : We observed that people with the APOE3/E3 genotype entered menopause insignificantly later compared to other genotypes. Additionally, in the group of patients with the APOE3/E3 genotypes, differences in the E2 concentration were significantly related to the time since their last menstruation. There is no association found in the literature between these polymorphisms of the LEP gene and hormones. Conclusions : To date, attempts to formulate a model describing the association between E2 and FSH concentration with the polymorphisms of various genes of menopause in women have not been successful. This relationship is difficult to study because of the number of nongenetic factors. Environmental factors can explain variation in postmenopausal changes in hormone levels.

Keywords: menopause; hormones; apolipoprotein E; leptin (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/6/543/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/6/543/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:13:y:2016:i:6:p:543-:d:71043

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().