Pricing, Carbon Emission Reduction, Low-Carbon Promotion and Returning Decision in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain under Vertical and Horizontal Cooperation

Hui Li, Chuanxu Wang, Meng Shang and Wei Ou
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Hui Li: School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, No. 1550, Haigang Avenue, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201306, China
Chuanxu Wang: School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, No. 1550, Haigang Avenue, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201306, China
Meng Shang: School of Flight, Anyang Institute of Technology, No. 1 Huanghe Avenue W., Anyang City 455000, China
Wei Ou: School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Asahidai 1-1, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan

IJERPH, 2017, vol. 14, issue 11, 1-26

Abstract: In this paper, we examine the influences of vertical and horizontal cooperation models on the optimal decisions and performance of a low-carbon closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) with a manufacturer and two retailers, and study optimal operation in the competitive pricing, competitive the low-carbon promotion, the carbon emission reduction, the used-products collection and the profits. We consider the completely decentralized model, M-R vertical cooperation model, R-R horizontal cooperation model, M-R-R vertical and horizontal cooperation model and completely centralized model, and also identify the optimal decision results and profits. It can be observed from a systematic comparison and numerical analysis that the completely centralized model is best in all optimal decision results among all models. In semi-cooperation, the M-R vertical cooperation model is positive, the R-R horizontal cooperation model is passive, and the positivity of the M-R-R vertical and horizontal cooperation model decreases with competitive intensity increasing in the used-products returning, carbon emissions reduction level, low-carbon promotion effort and the profits of the manufacturer and the entire supply chain.

Keywords: carbon emissions reduction; low-carbon promotion; cooperation; closed-loop supply chain (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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