Mosquitocidal Activity and Mode of Action of the Isoxazoline Fluralaner

Shiyao Jiang, Maia Tsikolia, Ulrich R. Bernier and Jeffrey R. Bloomquist
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Shiyao Jiang: Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
Maia Tsikolia: Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
Ulrich R. Bernier: USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
Jeffrey R. Bloomquist: Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA

IJERPH, 2017, vol. 14, issue 2, 1-17

Abstract: Mosquitoes, such as Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae , are important vectors of human diseases. Fluralaner, a recently introduced parasiticide, was evaluated as a mosquitocide in this study. On Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae fourth-instar larvae, fluralaner had 24-h LC 50 (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) values of 1.8 ppb and 0.4 ppb, respectively. Following topical application to adult Ae. aegypti , fluralaner toxicity reached a plateau in about 3 days, with 1- and 3-day LD 50 (lethal dose for 50% mortality) values of 1.3 ng/mg and 0.26 ng/mg, suggesting a slowly developing toxicity. Fipronil outperformed fluralaner by up to 100-fold in adult topical, glass contact, and feeding assays on Ae. aegypti . These data show that fluralaner does not have exceptional toxicity to mosquitoes in typical exposure paradigms. In electrophysiological recordings on Drosophila melanogaster larval central nervous system, the effectiveness of fluralaner for restoring nerve firing after gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment, a measure of GABA antagonism, was similar in susceptible Oregon-R and cyclodiene-resistant rdl -1675 strains, with EC 50 (half maximal effective concentration) values of 0.34 µM and 0.29 µM. Although this finding suggests low cross resistance in the presence of rdl , the moderate potency, low contact activity, and slow action of fluralaner argue against its use as an adult mosquitocide for vector control.

Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Anopheles gambiae; Drosophila melanogaster; fipronil; GABA receptor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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