Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of a Chlorine Dioxide Solution

Jui-Wen Ma, Bin-Syuan Huang, Chu-Wei Hsu, Chun-Wei Peng, Ming-Long Cheng, Jung-Yie Kao, Tzong- Der Way, Hao-Chang Yin and Shan-Shue Wang
Additional contact information
Jui-Wen Ma: Unique Biotech Co., Ltd., Rm. 1, 22 F, No. 56, Minsheng 1st Road, Xinxing District, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
Bin-Syuan Huang: Unique Biotech Co., Ltd., Rm. 1, 22 F, No. 56, Minsheng 1st Road, Xinxing District, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
Chu-Wei Hsu: Unique Biotech Co., Ltd., Rm. 1, 22 F, No. 56, Minsheng 1st Road, Xinxing District, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
Chun-Wei Peng: Unique Biotech Co., Ltd., Rm. 1, 22 F, No. 56, Minsheng 1st Road, Xinxing District, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
Ming-Long Cheng: Unique Biotech Co., Ltd., Rm. 1, 22 F, No. 56, Minsheng 1st Road, Xinxing District, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
Jung-Yie Kao: Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan
Tzong- Der Way: Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan
Hao-Chang Yin: Unique Biotech Co., Ltd., Rm. 1, 22 F, No. 56, Minsheng 1st Road, Xinxing District, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
Shan-Shue Wang: Department of Applied Cosmetology/Degree Program of Cosmetology and Health Care, Kao Yuan University, No. 1821, Zhongshan Road, Lujhu District, Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2017, vol. 14, issue 3, 1-12

Abstract: In this study, a chlorine dioxide solution (UC-1) composed of chlorine dioxide was produced using an electrolytic method and subsequently purified using a membrane. UC-1 was determined to contain 2000 ppm of gaseous chlorine dioxide in water. The efficacy and safety of UC-1 were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was more than 98.2% reduction when UC-1 concentrations were 5 and 20 ppm for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) of H1N1, influenza virus B/TW/71718/04, and EV71 were 84.65 ± 0.64, 95.91 ± 11.61, and 46.39 ± 1.97 ppm, respectively. A 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test revealed that the cell viability of mouse lung fibroblast L929 cells was 93.7% at a 200 ppm UC-1 concentration that is over that anticipated in routine use. Moreover, 50 ppm UC-1 showed no significant symptoms in a rabbit ocular irritation test. In an inhalation toxicity test, treatment with 20 ppm UC-1 for 24 h showed no abnormality and no mortality in clinical symptoms and normal functioning of the lung and other organs. A ClO 2 concentration of up to 40 ppm in drinking water did not show any toxicity in a subchronic oral toxicity test. Herein, UC-1 showed favorable disinfection activity and a higher safety profile tendency than in previous reports.

Keywords: chlorine dioxide (PubChem CID: 24870); antimicrobial efficacy; antiviral assay; inhalation toxicity; subchronic oral toxicity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/3/329/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/3/329/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:3:p:329-:d:93731

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().