A Three-Year Follow-Up Study of Antibiotic and Metal Residues, Antibiotic Resistance and Resistance Genes, Focusing on Kshipra—A River Associated with Holy Religious Mass-Bathing in India: Protocol Paper

Vishal Diwan, Manju Purohit, Salesh Chandran, Vivek Parashar, Harshada Shah, Vijay K. Mahadik, Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg and Ashok J. Tamhankar
Additional contact information
Vishal Diwan: Department of Public Health and Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India
Manju Purohit: Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines focusing on antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
Salesh Chandran: Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines focusing on antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
Vivek Parashar: Department of Public Health and Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India
Harshada Shah: Department of Microbiology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456003, India
Vijay K. Mahadik: R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg: Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines focusing on antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
Ashok J. Tamhankar: Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines focusing on antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden

IJERPH, 2017, vol. 14, issue 6, 1-13

Abstract: Background: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of the major health emergencies for global society. Little is known about the ABR of environmental bacteria and therefore it is important to understand ABR reservoirs in the environment and their potential impact on health. Method/Design: Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected during a 3-year follow-up study of a river associated with religious mass-bathing in Central India. Surface-water and sediment samples will be collected from seven locations at regular intervals for 3 years during religious mass-bathing and in absence of it to monitor water-quality, antibiotic residues, resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes and metals. Approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India (No. 2013/07/17-311). Results: The results will address the issue of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance with a focus on a river environment in India within a typical socio-behavioural context of religious mass-bathing. It will enhance our understanding about the relationship between antibiotic residue levels, water-quality, heavy metals and antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolated from river-water and sediment, and seasonal differences that are associated with religious mass-bathing. We will also document, identify and clarify the genetic differences/similarities relating to phenotypic antibiotic resistance in bacteria in rivers during religious mass-bathing or during periods when there is no mass-bathing.

Keywords: Escherichia coli; mass-bathing; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic resistance genes; water-quality; India; river; metals; seasons (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/6/574/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/14/6/574/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:6:p:574-:d:99934

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().