Enhancement of X-ray Induced Apoptosis by Mobile Phone-Like Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells

Ke-Ying Zhang, Hui Xu, Le Du, Jun-Ling Xing, Bin Zhang, Qiang-Shan Bai, Yu-Qiao Xu, Yong-Chun Zhou, Jun-Ping Zhang, Yan Zhou and Gui-Rong Ding
Additional contact information
Ke-Ying Zhang: Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China
Hui Xu: Radiological College, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
Le Du: Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China
Jun-Ling Xing: Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China
Bin Zhang: Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University,169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China
Qiang-Shan Bai: Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University,169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China
Yu-Qiao Xu: Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China
Yong-Chun Zhou: Department of Radiation Oncology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China
Jun-Ping Zhang: Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China
Yan Zhou: Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China
Gui-Rong Ding: Department of Radiation Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, 169# ChangLe West Road, Xi’an 710032, China

IJERPH, 2017, vol. 14, issue 6, 1-10

Abstract: To explore the combined effects of environmental radio-frequency (RF) field and X-ray, mouse spermatocyte-derived (GC-1) cells were exposed to 1950 MHz RF field at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 3 W/kg for 24 h combined with or without X-ray irradiation at 6 Gy. After treatment, the cell proliferation level was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay and 5-Bromo-2-deoxy Uridine (BrdU) enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) Assay. The apoptosis level was detected by annexin V flow cytometry assay, transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) Assay and Caspase-3 Activity Assay. It was found that the proliferation and apoptosis level did not change in GC-1 cells after RF exposure alone. However, compared with the X-ray group, the proliferation level significantly decreased and the apoptotic rate significantly increased in the RF+X-ray group. Moreover, a significant decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression and increase in Bax protein expression were observed. The findings suggested that RF exposure at SAR of 3 W/kg did not affect apoptosis and proliferation in GC-1 cells by itself, but that it did enhance the effects of X-ray induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis, in which B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) might be involved.

Keywords: Key words: RF field; X-ray; mouse spermatocyte-derived cells; proliferation; apoptosis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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