Oral Microbiota of the Snake Bothrops lanceolatus in Martinique

Dabor Résière, Claude Olive, Hatem Kallel, André Cabié, Rémi Névière, Bruno Mégarbane, José María Gutiérrez and Hossein Mehdaoui
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Dabor Résière: Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97200 Martinique, France
Claude Olive: Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Martinique, 97200 Martinique, France
Hatem Kallel: Intensive Care Unit, Rosemond André General Hospital, Cayenne, 97300 French Guiana, France
André Cabié: Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Martinique, 97200 Martinique, France
Rémi Névière: Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97200 Martinique, France
Bruno Mégarbane: Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris-Diderot University, INSERM UMRS-1144, 75010 Paris, France
José María Gutiérrez: Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501 San José, Costa Rica
Hossein Mehdaoui: Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, 97200 Martinique, France

IJERPH, 2018, vol. 15, issue 10, 1-6

Abstract: In Martinique, Bothrops lanceolatus snakebite, although relatively uncommon (~30 cases/year), may result in serious complications such as systemic thrombosis and local infections. Infections have been hypothesized to be related to bacteria present in the snake’s oral cavity. In this investigation, we isolated, identified, and studied the susceptibility to beta-lactams of bacteria sampled from the oral cavity of twenty-six B. lanceolatus specimens collected from various areas in Martinique. Microbiota from B. lanceolatus oral cavity was polymicrobial. Isolated bacteria belonged to fifteen different taxa; the most frequent being Aeromonas hydrophyla (present in 50% of the samples), Morganella morganii , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Bacillus spp., and Enterococcus spp. Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility revealed that 66.7% of the isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate. In contrast, the majority of isolated bacteria were susceptible to the third-generation cephalosporins (i.e., 73.3% with cefotaxime and 80.0% with ceftazidime). Microbiota from B. lanceolatus oral cavity is polymicrobial with bacteria mostly susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins but rarely to amoxicillin/clavulanate. In conclusion, our findings clearly support that first-line antibiotic therapy in the B. lanceolatus -bitten patients, when there is evidence of infection, should include a third-generation cephalosporin rather than amoxicillin/clavulanate.

Keywords: Bothrops lanceolatus; envenomation; snakebite; bacteria; infection; antibiotic susceptibility (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:10:p:2122-:d:172238

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