A Comprehensive Review of Arsenic Exposure and Risk from Rice and a Risk Assessment among a Cohort of Adolescents in Kunming, China

Noelle Liao, Edmund Seto, Brenda Eskenazi, May Wang, Yan Li and Jenna Hua
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Noelle Liao: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
Edmund Seto: Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Brenda Eskenazi: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
May Wang: Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Yan Li: Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650221, Yunnan, China
Jenna Hua: Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

IJERPH, 2018, vol. 15, issue 10, 1-17

Abstract: Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is carcinogenic and highly concentrated in rice. Dietary exposure to iAs is concerning among adolescents due to their developmental stage and iAs’s long-latency effects. This paper aimed to assess iAs exposure from rice and related lifetime cancer risks (LCR) among adolescents in Kunming, China. A comprehensive literature review of iAs levels in rice and LCR in humans was also conducted. Average daily consumption of rice (ADC) was estimated from 267 adolescents (15–18 years). Rice samples obtained from 6 markets were analyzed for iAs concentration (AC). Estimated daily intake (EDI) of iAs was calculated using ADC, AC, and average body weight (BW). Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) was calculated using EDI and U.S. EPA derived iAs oral slope factor. The AC was 0.058 mg/kg and the average BW and ADC were 67.5 kg and 410 g/day for males and 55.5 kg and 337 g/day for females. The EDI and LCR were 3.52 × 10 −4 mg/kg-BW/day and 5.28 × 10 −4 for both males and females, with LCR 5 times above the U.S. LCR upper limit of 1.0 × 10 −4 . While the AC was below the Chinese maximum contaminant level of 0.2 mg/kg, study results indicated that Kunming adolescents may be at increased risk for iAs-related cancers.

Keywords: arsenic; cancer; rice; concentration; diet; risk assessment; exposure; China; Asia; adolescents (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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