Heavy Metal and Metalloid Contamination Assessments of Soil around an Abandoned Uranium Tailings Pond and the Contaminations’ Spatial Distribution and Variability

Wei-hong Wang, Xue-gang Luo, Zhe Wang, Yu Zeng, Feng-qiang Wu and Zhong-xiang Li
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Wei-hong Wang: College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
Xue-gang Luo: State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
Zhe Wang: College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
Yu Zeng: College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
Feng-qiang Wu: College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
Zhong-xiang Li: College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

IJERPH, 2018, vol. 15, issue 11, 1-14

Abstract: To investigate the heavy metal and metalloid contamination of soil around a Huanan uranium tailings pond, abandoned in 1998, we defined a study area of 41.25 km 2 by a natural boundary and targeted 5 elements’ (U, Mn, As, Pb, Cr) single contamination and comprehensive pollution as the assessment contents. First, we collected 205 samples and evaluated them with the contamination factor (CF) method aiming at judging whether the single target element concentration exceeded the local background value and environmental quality standard. We obtained CF 1 (the background value of a certain target element as the baseline value) and CF 2 (the environmental quality standard for soils as the baseline value). Second, we evaluated the ecological risk of the key pollutant U with the risk assessment code (RAC) method, taking the 27 samples whose CF 2 > 1 as examples and concluded that the environmental risk of U was relatively high and should arouse concern. Third, we selected comprehensive pollution index (CPI) to assess the compound pollution degree of five target elements. Fourth, we constructed the U contamination and CPI’s continuous distribution maps with spatial interpolation, from which we worked out the sizes and positions of slightly, moderately and strongly polluted zones. Finally, we analyzed the spatial variability of U and CPI with the aid of a geostatistical variogram. We deduced that the spatial variation of uranium was in close relationship with local topography, and probably precipitation was the driving force of U contamination diffusion, whereas CPI exhibited weak spatial dependence with random characteristics. The above work showed that 3.14 km 2 soil near the pond was fairly seriously polluted, and the other 4 elements’ single contaminations were less serious, but the 5 target elements’ cumulative pollution could not be ignored; there were other potential pollution sources besides the uranium tailings pond. Some emergency measures should be taken to treat U pollution, and bioremediation is recommended, taking account into U’s high bioavailability. Further, special alerts should be implemented to identify the other pollution sources.

Keywords: heavy metal and metalloid pollution assessment; comprehensive pollution index (CPI); uranium tailings pond; spatial distribution; spatial variability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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