Assessment of Risk, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change by the Health Sector in Madagascar

Norohasina Rakotoarison, Nirivololona Raholijao, Lalao Madeleine Razafindramavo, Zo Andrianina Patrick Herintiana Rakotomavo, Alain Rakotoarisoa, Joy Shumake Guillemot, Zazaravaka Jacques Randriamialisoa, Victor Mafilaza, Voahanginirina Anne Marie Pierrette Ramiandrisoa, Rhino Rajaonarivony, Solonomenjanahary Andrianjafinirina, Venance Tata, Manuela Christophère Vololoniaina, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana and Volahanta Malala Raminosoa
Additional contact information
Norohasina Rakotoarison: Ministry of Public Health, Health and Environment Service, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Nirivololona Raholijao: Madagascar National Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Lalao Madeleine Razafindramavo: Ministry of Public Health, Health and Environment Service, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Zo Andrianina Patrick Herintiana Rakotomavo: Madagascar National Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Alain Rakotoarisoa: Ministry of Public Health, Direction of Health Surveillance and Epidemiological Surveillance, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Joy Shumake Guillemot: Word Health Organization/World Meteorological Joint Office, Geneva 2300, Switzerland
Zazaravaka Jacques Randriamialisoa: Independent Statistician, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Victor Mafilaza: Ministry of Public Health, Health and Environment Service, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Voahanginirina Anne Marie Pierrette Ramiandrisoa: Madagascar National Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Rhino Rajaonarivony: Madagascar National Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Solonomenjanahary Andrianjafinirina: Madagascar National Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Venance Tata: Ministry of Public Health, Health and Environment Service, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Manuela Christophère Vololoniaina: Ministry of Public Health, Emergency, Epidemic and Disaster Response Service, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Fanjasoa Rakotomanana: Pasteur Institute in Madagascar, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
Volahanta Malala Raminosoa: Word Health Organization, Madagascar Office, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar

IJERPH, 2018, vol. 15, issue 12, 1-14

Abstract: Madagascar is cited as one of the most vulnerable countries to the effects of climate change, with significant impacts to the health of its population. In this study, the vulnerability of Madagascar’s health sector to climate change was assessed and appropriate adaptation measures were identified. In order to assess climate risks, vulnerability and identify adaptation options, the Madagascar Ministry of Public Health as well as the National Meteorological and Hydrological Service worked in close collaboration with a team of local experts to conduct a literature review, field surveys, and analyses of current and future climate and health trends. Four climate-sensitive diseases of primary concern are described in the study: acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrhea, malnutrition, and malaria. Baseline conditions of these four diseases from 2000 to 2014 show acute respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases are increasing in incidence; while incidence of malnutrition and malaria decreased over this period. To assess future impacts in Madagascar, this baseline information was used with climate projections for the two scenarios—RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5—for the periods 2016–2035, 2036–2070 and 2071–2100. Future climate conditions are shown to exacerbate and increase the incidence of all four climate sensitive diseases. Further analysis of the exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity to the climate hazards suggests that the health sector in four regions of Madagascar is particularly vulnerable. The study recommends adaptation measures to improve the monitoring and early warning systems for climate sensitive diseases, as well as to reduce population vulnerability.

Keywords: Madagascar; assessment; health; climate trends; climate projections; climate-sensitive diseases; vulnerability; adaptation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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