ETS Exposure and PAH Body Burden in Nonsmoking Italian Adults

Laura Campo, Elisa Polledri, Petra Bechtold, Giulia Gatti, Giulia Quattrini, Luca Olgiati, Michael Romolo, Andrea Ranzi, Paolo Lauriola, Giuliano Carrozzi and Silvia Fustinoni
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Laura Campo: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
Elisa Polledri: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
Petra Bechtold: Department of Public Health, Local Health Unit, 41121 Modena, Italy
Giulia Gatti: Department of Public Health, Local Health Unit, 41121 Modena, Italy
Giulia Quattrini: Department of Public Health, Local Health Unit, 41121 Modena, Italy
Luca Olgiati: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
Michael Romolo: Department of Public Health, Local Health Unit, 41121 Modena, Italy
Andrea Ranzi: Environmental Health Reference Centre, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention of Emilia Romagna, 41121 Modena, Italy
Paolo Lauriola: Italian National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Giuliano Carrozzi: Department of Public Health, Local Health Unit, 41121 Modena, Italy
Silvia Fustinoni: Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy

IJERPH, 2018, vol. 15, issue 6, 1-15

Abstract: Active smoking is associated with increased body burden of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); the aim of this study was to assess whether environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) increases the internal dose of PAHs. In 344 nonsmoking Italian adults, out of 497 individuals selected as representative of the population of the town of Modena, ETS exposure was evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire and by the measurement of urinary cotinine (COT-U). PAH exposure was assessed by the measurement of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPYR) and of ten urinary PAHs. In all subjects, median (5th–95th percentile) COT-U was 0.47 (<0.1–3.91) µg/L. While 58 subjects reported to be ETS exposed (ETS QUEST ), 38 individuals were identified as ETS exposed on the basis of a COT-U value of 1.78 (90% confidence interval 1.75–1.80) µg/L, previously derived as an upper reference value in not ETS exposed Italian adults (ETS COT ). Median COT-U levels were 1.38 (<0.1–9.06) and 3.63 (1.80–17.39) µg/L in ETS QUEST and in ETS COT subjects, respectively. Significant correlations between COT-U and 1-OHPYR, and urinary anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene were found among all subjects. Significantly higher levels of 1-OHPYR, and urinary fluorene, anthracene, and pyrene were found in ETS COT individuals. The results of multiple linear regression analyses, taking into consideration diet and other sources of PAHs exposures such as the residence area/characteristics and traffic, confirmed that 1-OHPYR and urinary fluorene were affected by ETS exposure, even if ETS played a minor role.

Keywords: environmental tobacco smoke; urinary cotinine; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; human biomonitoring; 1-hydroxypyrene (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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