Association between Serum Vitamin Levels and Depression in U.S. Adults 20 Years or Older Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006

Xiaomin Huang, Yun Fan, Xiumei Han, Zhenyao Huang, Mingming Yu, Yan Zhang, Qiaoqiao Xu, Xiuzhu Li, Xinru Wang, Chuncheng Lu and Yankai Xia
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Xiaomin Huang: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China
Yun Fan: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China
Xiumei Han: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China
Zhenyao Huang: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China
Mingming Yu: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China
Yan Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China
Qiaoqiao Xu: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China
Xiuzhu Li: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China
Xinru Wang: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China
Chuncheng Lu: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China
Yankai Xia: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, China

IJERPH, 2018, vol. 15, issue 6, 1-17

Abstract: Depression is one of the leading causes of disability around the world. Although several studies have been conducted to analyze the association between vitamins and depression, the results have been inconsistent. Based on the database of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005–2006), a cross-sectional analysis was conducted to uncover the correlations between serum vitamin concentrations and depression in 2791 participants over 20 years of age. Vitamin concentrations in serum were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a standardized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or radioassay kit method. A nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression symptoms. The binary logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association between vitamins and depression. In the whole population, negative associations were discovered between folate concentrations ( p for trend = 0.02), trans -β-carotene ( p for trend = 0.01) and depression, while positive associations were found among vitamin B12 concentrations ( p for trend = 0.008), vitamin A concentrations ( p for trend = 0.01) and depression. In order to evaluate the influence of gender on the pathogenesis of depression of vitamins exposure, we performed gender-stratified analysis. In females, folate concentrations ( p for trend = 0.03) and vitamin B12 concentrations ( p for trend = 0.02) were correlated with depression. In males, no significant association was found between depression and serum vitamin concentrations. The correlation of vitamins with depression deserves further investigation in larger and diverse populations, especially in females.

Keywords: NHANES; vitamin; depression; vitamin B12; folate (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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