Antimicrobial Resistance in Food Animals and the Environment in Nigeria: A Review

Nurudeen Olalekan Oloso, Shamsudeen Fagbo, Musa Garbati, Steve O. Olonitola, Emmanuel Jolaoluwa Awosanya, Mabel Kamweli Aworh, Helen Adamu, Ismail Ayoade Odetokun and Folorunso Oludayo Fasina
Additional contact information
Nurudeen Olalekan Oloso: Department of Production Animal Studies (Epidemiology section), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort Campus 0110, University of Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
Shamsudeen Fagbo: Public Health Agency, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, 11176, Saudi Arabia
Musa Garbati: Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Unit, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri 600230, Borno State, Nigeria
Steve O. Olonitola: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810241, Nigeria
Emmanuel Jolaoluwa Awosanya: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
Mabel Kamweli Aworh: Veterinary Drugs/Animal Welfare Branch, Quality Assurance and Standards Division, Department of Veterinary & Pests Control Services, Federal Min. of Agric. & Rural Dev. F.C.D.A, Area 11, Garki, Abuja 900001, Nigeria
Helen Adamu: Center for Clinical Care and Clinical Research, Plot 784, By Glimor Engineering, Off Life camp, Gwarimpa Express Way, Jabi, Abuja 240102, Nigeria
Ismail Ayoade Odetokun: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240272, Kwara State, Nigeria
Folorunso Oludayo Fasina: Department of Production Animal Studies (Epidemiology section), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort Campus 0110, University of Pretoria, 0110, South Africa

IJERPH, 2018, vol. 15, issue 6, 1-23

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global health threat, which has elicited a high-level political declaration at the United Nations General Assembly, 2016. In response, member countries agreed to pay greater attention to the surveillance and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control called for a review of AMR in Nigeria using a “One Health approach”. As anecdotal evidence suggests that food animal health and production rely heavily on antimicrobials, it becomes imperative to understand AMR trends in food animals and the environment. We reviewed previous studies to curate data and evaluate the contributions of food animals and the environment (2000–2016) to the AMR burden in Nigeria using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart focused on three areas: Antimicrobial resistance, residues, and antiseptics studies. Only one of the 48 antimicrobial studies did not report multidrug resistance. At least 18 bacterial spp. were found to be resistant to various locally available antimicrobials. All 16 residue studies reported high levels of drug residues either in the form of prevalence or concentration above the recommended international limit. Fourteen different “resistotypes” were found in some commonly used antiseptics. High levels of residues and AMR were found in food animals destined for the human food chain. High levels of residues and antimicrobials discharged into environments sustain the AMR pool. These had evolved into potential public health challenges that need attention. These findings constitute public health threats for Nigeria’s teeming population and require attention.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; antibiotics residue; food animals; environment; bacteria; Nigeria (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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