A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study on Prenatal Levels of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: Maternal Profile and Effects on the Newborn

Isabel Peraita-Costa, Agustín Llopis-González, Alfredo Perales-Marín, Ferran Sanz, Agustín Llopis-Morales and María Morales-Suárez-Varela
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Isabel Peraita-Costa: Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Avinguda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
Agustín Llopis-González: Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Avinguda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
Alfredo Perales-Marín: Department of Obstetrics, La Fe University Hospital, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 València, Spain
Ferran Sanz: Department of Obstetrics, La Fe University Hospital, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 València, Spain
Agustín Llopis-Morales: Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Avinguda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
María Morales-Suárez-Varela: Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Avinguda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain

IJERPH, 2018, vol. 15, issue 7, 1-18

Abstract: The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a dietary pattern with important benefits. The objectives of this study were to assess the adherence to the MD among pregnant women in Valencia (Spain) and characterize the pregnant women according to their level of adherence. Finally, we aimed to examine the role of MD adherence during pregnancy in the anthropometric development of the newborn. The study included 492 pregnant women who were followed at La Fe Hospital in 2017. The self-administered “Kidmed” questionnaire for data collection on dietary information evaluation was used and a clinical history review of mothers and newborns was performed. Two groups of mothers were identified: those with low adherence (LA) and optimal adherence (OA). The study revealed that 40.2% of the women showed LA to the MD. The newborns born to these women presented a higher risk of being small for gestational age (SGA) {adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–5.46} when adjusting for parental body mass index (BMI) and multiple gestation, but not when adjusting for all significant possible confounders (aOR = 2.32; 95% CI 0.69–7.78). The association between MD and SGA was not significantly affected by the use of iron and folic acid supplements (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI 0.66–10.65). The profile of the pregnant woman with LA is that of a young smoker, with a low level of education and a low daily intake of dairy products. These results suggest that LA to the MD is not associated with a higher risk of giving birth to a SGA newborn.

Keywords: Mediterranean diet; small for gestational age; pregnancy; primary prevention (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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