An Assessment of Current and Past Concentrations of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water throughout France

Magali Corso, Catherine Galey, René Seux and Pascal Beaudeau
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Magali Corso: French National Public Health Agency, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
Catherine Galey: French National Public Health Agency, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
René Seux: French School of Public Health (EHESP), 35043 Rennes, France
Pascal Beaudeau: French National Public Health Agency, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France

IJERPH, 2018, vol. 15, issue 8, 1-13

Abstract: In France, 95% of people are supplied with chlorinated tap water. Due to the presence of natural organic matter that reacts with chlorine, the concentrations of chlorination by-products (CBPs) are much higher in chlorinated water produced from surface water than from groundwater. Surface water supplies 33% of the French population. Until the 1980s, almost all surface water utilities pre-chlorinated water at the intake. Pre-chlorination was then gradually banned from 1980 to 2000. Trihalomethanes (THMs) are the only regulated CBP in France. Since 2003, THMs have been monitored at the outlet of all utilities. This study assessed current (2005–2011) and past (1960–2000) exposure of the French population to THMs. We developed an original method to model THM concentrations between 1960 and 2000 according to current concentrations of THMs, concentration of total organic carbon in raw and finished water, and the evolution of water treatments from 1960 onward. Current and past mean exposure of the French population to THMs was estimated at 11.7 µg·L −1 and 17.3 µg·L −1 , respectively. In the past, approximately 10% of the French population was exposed to concentrations >50 µg·L −1 vs. 1% currently. Large variations in exposure were observed among France’s 100 administrative districts, mainly depending on the water origin (i.e., surface vs. ground), ranging between 0.2 and 122.1 µg·L −1 versus between 1.8 and 38.6 µg·L −1 currently.

Keywords: chlorination by-product; France; environmental exposure; organic matter; tap water; trihalomethanes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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