Using a Clustering Approach to Investigate Socio-Environmental Inequality in Preterm Birth—A Study Conducted at Fine Spatial Scale in Paris (France)

Severine Deguen, Nina Ahlers, Morgane Gilles, Arlette Danzon, Marion Carayol, Denis Zmirou-Navier and Wahida Kihal-Talantikite
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Severine Deguen: School of Public Health (EHESP), DSET&GS, 35043 Rennes CEDEX, France
Nina Ahlers: School of Public Health (EHESP), DSET&GS, 35043 Rennes CEDEX, France
Morgane Gilles: School of Public Health (EHESP), DSET&GS, 35043 Rennes CEDEX, France
Arlette Danzon: Service de Protection Maternelle et Infantile, Direction des Familles et de la Petite Enfance, Mairie de Paris, 75196 Paris, France
Marion Carayol: Service de Protection Maternelle et Infantile, Direction des Familles et de la Petite Enfance, Mairie de Paris, 75196 Paris, France
Denis Zmirou-Navier: School of Public Health (EHESP), DSET&GS, 35043 Rennes CEDEX, France
Wahida Kihal-Talantikite: Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement, LIVE UMR 7362 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 6700 Strasbourg, France

IJERPH, 2018, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-19

Abstract: Background & Objectives : Today, to support public policies aiming to tackle environmental and health inequality, identification and monitoring of the spatial pattern of adverse birth outcomes are crucial. Spatial identification of the more vulnerable population to air pollution may orient health interventions. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the geographical distribution of the risk of preterm birth (PTB, gestational age ≤36 weeks) at the census block level in in city of Paris, France. We also aimed to assess the implication of neighborhood characteristics including air pollution and socio-economic deprivation. Material & Methods : Newborn health data are available from the first birth certificate registered by the Maternal and Child Care department of Paris. All PTB from January 2008 to December 2011 were geocoded at the mother residential census block. Each census block was assigned a socioeconomic deprivation level and annual average ambient concentrations of NO 2 . A spatial clustering approach was used to investigate the spatial distribution of PTB. Results : Our results highlight that PTB is non-randomly spatially distributed, with a cluster of high risk in the northeastern area of Paris (RR = 1.15; p = 0.06). After adjustment for socio-economic deprivation and NO 2 concentrations, this cluster becomes not statistically significant or shifts suggesting that these characteristics explain the spatial distribution of PTB; further, their combination shows an interaction in comparison with SES or NO 2 levels alone. Conclusions : Our results may inform the decision makers about the areas where public health efforts should be strengthened to tackle the risk of PTB and to choose the most appropriate and specific community-oriented health interventions.

Keywords: air pollution; neighborhood deprivation index; preterm birth; spatial approach (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018
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