Area-Based Socio-Economic Inequalities in Mortality from Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases

Maciej Polak, Agnieszka Genowska, Krystyna Szafraniec, Justyna Fryc, Jacek Jamiołkowski and Andrzej Pająk
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Maciej Polak: Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
Agnieszka Genowska: Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
Krystyna Szafraniec: Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
Justyna Fryc: Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
Jacek Jamiołkowski: Department of Population Medicine and Civilization Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
Andrzej Pająk: Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 10, 1-13

Abstract: Background : After political transformation in 1989/1990, Poland experienced a general improvement in living conditions and quality of life, but the benefits did not extend evenly across all segments of the society. We hypothesized that the regional differences in mortality due to diseases of the respiratory system are related to socioeconomic status (SES) and its changes over time. Materials and methods : An ecological study was carried out in 66 sub-regions of Poland using the data from the period of 2010 to 2014. Age-standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated separately for men and women in three age categories: ≥15, 25–64 years, and ≥65 years. An area-based SES index was derived from the characteristics of the sub-regions using the z-score method. Multiple weighted linear regression models were constructed to estimate a real socioeconomic gradient for mortality resulting from lung cancer and respiratory diseases. Results : In the regions studied, the SMRs for respiratory disease varied from 70/100,000 to 215/100,000 in men and from 18/100,000 to 53/100,000 in women. The SMRs for lung cancer varied from 36/100,000 to 110/100,000 among men and from 26/100,000 to 77/100,000 among women. After adjusting for the prevalence of smoking and environmental pollution, the SES index was found to be inversely associated with the SMR for lung cancer in each category of age among men, and in the age group of 25–64 years among women. An increase of the SES index between 2010 and 2014 was associated with a decrease of SMR for respiratory disease both in men and women, but this change was not significantly associated with the SMR for lung cancer. Conclusion : SES appears to be an important correlate of mortality from respiratory diseases and lung cancer at the population level, particularly in men. A lower SES was associated with greater mortality from lung cancer and respiratory diseases. An increase in SES over time was related to a decrease in mortality from respiratory disease, but not from lung cancer.

Keywords: area-based SES; respiratory diseases; lung function; ecological study (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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