Monitoring of Air-Dispersed Formaldehyde and Carbonyl Compounds as Vapors and Adsorbed on Particulate Matter by Denuder-Filter Sampling and Gas Chromatographic Analysis

Stefano Dugheri, Nicola Mucci, Giovanni Cappelli, Alessandro Bonari, Giacomo Garzaro, Giorgio Marrubini, Gianluca Bartolucci, Marcello Campagna and Giulio Arcangeli
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Stefano Dugheri: Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
Nicola Mucci: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Giovanni Cappelli: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Alessandro Bonari: General Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
Giacomo Garzaro: Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
Giorgio Marrubini: Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Gianluca Bartolucci: Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Marcello Campagna: Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
Giulio Arcangeli: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 11, 1-17

Abstract: Carbonyl compounds (CCs) are products present both as vapors and as condensed species adsorbed on the carbonaceous particle matter dispersed in the air of urban areas, due to vehicular traffic and human activities. Chronic exposure to CCs is a potential health risk given the toxicity of these chemicals. The present study reports on the measurement of the concentrations of 14 CCs in air as vapors and 2.5 µm fraction PM by the ENVINT GAS08/16 gas/aerosol sampler, a serial sampler that uses annular denuder, as sampling device. The 14 CCs were derivatized during sampling prior to gas-chromatographic separation and multiple detection by mass spectrometry, nitrogen-phosphorus thermionic, electron capture detection. Outdoor air multiple samples were collected in four locations in the urban area of Florence. The results evidenced that formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were the more abundant CCs in the studied areas. The data collected was discussed considering the particle to vapor ratio of each CC found. The CCs pollution picture obtained was tentatively related to the nature and intensity of the traffic transiting by the sampling sites. This approach allowed to determine 14 CCs in both concentrated and diluted samples and is proposed as a tool for investigating outdoor and indoor pollution.

Keywords: formaldehyde; carbonyl compounds; aldehydes; air pollution analysis; environmental analysis; 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization; PM 2.5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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