Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Paediatric Stool and Water Samples in the Northwest Province, South Africa

Martina O. Chukwu, Akebe Luther King Abia, Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa, Lawrence Obi and John Barr Dewar
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Martina O. Chukwu: Department of Life and Consumer science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Corner Christiaan De wet and Pioneer Avenue, 1724 Florida park Roodepoort, Gauteng 1709, South Africa
Akebe Luther King Abia: Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa: Department of Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, 37 Nind Street, Doornfontein, Gauteng 2094, South Africa
Lawrence Obi: Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, Gauteng, P.O Box 60, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
John Barr Dewar: Department of Life and Consumer science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Corner Christiaan De wet and Pioneer Avenue, 1724 Florida park Roodepoort, Gauteng 1709, South Africa

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 12, 1-22

Abstract: Antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter could adversely affect treatment outcomes, especially in children. We investigated the antibiotic susceptibility profiles, virulence potentials and genetic relatedness of Campylobacter spp. from paediatric and water samples in the North West Province, South Africa. Overall, 237 human and 20 water isolates were identified using culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using the disk diffusion method. Gradient strips were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of each antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance ( gryA , tetO and 23S rRNA 2075G and 2074C) and virulence ( cadF and ciaB ) genes were also investigated using PCR. A phylogenetic tree to ascertain the clonality between water and clinical isolates was constructed using MEGA 7. Overall, 95% (water) and 64.7% (human) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. The highest resistance was against clarithromycin (95%) for water and ampicillin (60.7%) for human isolates. The 23S rRNA 2075G/2074C mutation was the most expressed resistance gene. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed eight intermixed clades within water and human Campylobacter isolates. This study suggests the possible circulation of potentially pathogenic antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in the Northwest Province, South Africa with drinking water being a possible vector for disease transmission in this area.

Keywords: Campylobacter spp.; paediatric diarrhoea; antibiotic susceptibility profile; resistance genes; virulence genes; phylogenetic analysis; household drinking water (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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