Acute and Cumulative Effects of Haze Fine Particles on Mortality and the Seasonal Characteristics in Beijing, China, 2005–2013: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study

Yi Li, Canjun Zheng, Zhiqiang Ma and Weijun Quan
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Yi Li: State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Canjun Zheng: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Zhiqiang Ma: Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100080, China
Weijun Quan: Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100080, China

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 13, 1-11

Abstract: We observed significant effects of particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) on cause-specific mortality by applying a time-stratified case-crossover and lag-structure designs in Beijing over a nine-year study period (2005–2013). The year-round odds ratio (OR) was 1.005 on the current day with a 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 for all-cause mortality. For cardiovascular mortality and stroke, the ORs were 1.007 and 1.008 on the current day, respectively. Meanwhile, during a lag of six days, the cumulative effects of haze on relative risk of mortality, respiratory mortality and all-cause mortality was in the range of 2~11%. Moreover, we found a significant seasonal pattern in the associations for respiratory mortality: significant associations were observed in spring and fall, while for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cardiac and stroke, significant associations were observed in winter. Moreover, increasing temperature would decrease risks of mortalities in winter taking fall as the reference season. We concluded that in summer, temperature acted as a direct enhancer of air pollutants; while in winter and spring, it was an index of the diameter distribution and composition of fine particles.

Keywords: time-stratified; case-crossover; haze; PM 2.5; mortality; seasonal (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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