Relationships between Parental Socialization Styles, Empathy and Connectedness with Nature: Their Implications in Environmentalism

Daniel Musitu-Ferrer, Celeste León-Moreno, Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo, Macarena Esteban-Ibáñez and Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa
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Daniel Musitu-Ferrer: Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
Celeste León-Moreno: Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo: Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
Macarena Esteban-Ibáñez: Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa: Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 14, 1-20

Abstract: Parents exert a strong influence on several adjustment outcomes. However, little is known about their influence on adolescents’ connectedness with the environment. This study examined the relationships between parenting styles, empathy and connectedness with the environment. The two-dimensional socialization model was used with four resulting styles: Indulgent, authoritative, neglectful and authoritarian. The sample comprised 797 adolescents (52.7% girls) from six public secondary schools who were aged between 12 and 16 years ( M = 13.94, SD = 1.28). The results showed significant relationships between parental socialization styles, empathy and connectedness with nature. It was also observed that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families showed higher levels of empathy and connectedness with the environment than adolescents raised by authoritarian and neglectful parents, with males from such families consistently presenting the lowest levels of empathy and connectedness, which was not the case among women. Additionally, women, regardless of the parental style in which they had been educated, showed greater cognitive and emotional empathy with the natural environment, while adolescents raised in indulgent and authoritative families displayed higher levels of empathy and connectedness than those with authoritarian and neglectful parents. These results suggest that indulgent and authoritative styles are stronger enablers of empathy and connectedness with nature.

Keywords: parental socialization; adolescence; empathy with nature; connectedness with nature (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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