Spatial Clusters of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate and Their Association with Polluted Zones in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area

Francisco Manuel Gasca-Sanchez, Jesus Santos-Guzman, Ricardo Elizondo-Dueñaz, Gerardo Manuel Mejia-Velazquez, Cecilia Ruiz-Pacheco, Deborah Reyes-Rodriguez, Elsie Vazquez-Camacho, José Ascencion Hernandez-Hernandez, Rosa del Carmen Lopez-Sanchez, Rocio Ortiz-Lopez, Daniel Olvera-Posada and Augusto Rojas-Martinez
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Francisco Manuel Gasca-Sanchez: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico
Jesus Santos-Guzman: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico
Ricardo Elizondo-Dueñaz: Casa Azul, A.C. San Pedro Garza Garcia 66230, Mexico
Gerardo Manuel Mejia-Velazquez: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias. Monterrey 64849, Mexico
Cecilia Ruiz-Pacheco: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico
Deborah Reyes-Rodriguez: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico
Elsie Vazquez-Camacho: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico
José Ascencion Hernandez-Hernandez: Casa Azul, A.C. San Pedro Garza Garcia 66230, Mexico
Rosa del Carmen Lopez-Sanchez: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico
Rocio Ortiz-Lopez: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico
Daniel Olvera-Posada: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico
Augusto Rojas-Martinez: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 14, 1-22

Abstract: This study examines the spatial structure of children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and its association with polluted areas in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA). The Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) and the Spatial Statistical Scan (SaTScan) determined that the CLP cases are agglomerated in spatial clusters distributed in different areas of the city, some of them grouping up to 12 cases of CLP in a radius of 1.2 km. The application of the interpolation by empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) and the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method showed that 95% of the cases have a spatial interaction with values of particulate matter (PM 10 ) of more than 50 points. The study also shows that 83% of the cases interacted with around 2000 annual tons of greenhouse gases. This study may contribute to other investigations applying techniques for the identification of environmental and genetic factors possibly associated with congenital malformations and for determining the influence of contaminating substances in the incidence of these diseases, particularly CLP.

Keywords: cleft lip and palate; industrial pollution; PM 10; spatial clusters (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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