Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Children: State of the Art

Giampiero Gulotta, Giannicola Iannella, Claudio Vicini, Antonella Polimeni, Antonio Greco, Marco de Vincentiis, Irene Claudia Visconti, Giuseppe Meccariello, Giovanni Cammaroto, Andrea De Vito, Riccardo Gobbi, Chiara Bellini, Elisabetta Firinu, Annalisa Pace, Andrea Colizza, Stefano Pelucchi and Giuseppe Magliulo
Additional contact information
Giampiero Gulotta: Department of “Organi di Senso”, University “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
Giannicola Iannella: Department of “Organi di Senso”, University “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
Claudio Vicini: Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
Antonella Polimeni: Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, University “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
Antonio Greco: Department of “Organi di Senso”, University “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
Marco de Vincentiis: Department of “Organi di Senso”, University “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
Irene Claudia Visconti: Department of “Organi di Senso”, University “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
Giuseppe Meccariello: Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
Giovanni Cammaroto: Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
Andrea De Vito: Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
Riccardo Gobbi: Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
Chiara Bellini: Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
Elisabetta Firinu: Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
Annalisa Pace: Department of “Organi di Senso”, University “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
Andrea Colizza: Department of “Organi di Senso”, University “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
Stefano Pelucchi: Ear-Nose-Throat & Audiology Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Giuseppe Magliulo: Department of “Organi di Senso”, University “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 18, 1-20

Abstract: The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) represents only part of a large group of pathologies of variable entity called respiratory sleep disorders (RSD) which include simple snoring and increased upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS). Although the etiopathogenesis of adult OSAS is well known, many aspects of this syndrome in children are still debated. Its prevalence is about 2% in children from 2 to 8 years of age, mostly related to the size of the upper airways adenoid tissue. Several risk factors linked to the development of OSAS are typical of the pediatric age. The object of this paper is to analyze the state of the art on this specific topic, discussing its implications in terms of diagnosis and management.

Keywords: pediatric OSAS; obesity; adenotonsillar hypertrophy; craniofacial abnormalities; allergic rhinitis; inflammation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/18/3235/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/18/3235/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:18:p:3235-:d:263877

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().