Provincial Dietary Intake Study (PDIS): Prevalence and Sociodemographic Determinants of the Double Burden of Malnutrition in A Representative Sample of 1 to Under 10-Year-Old Children from Two Urbanized and Economically Active Provinces in South Africa

Marjanne Senekal, Johanna H Nel, Sonia Malczyk, Linda Drummond, Janetta Harbron and Nelia P Steyn
Additional contact information
Marjanne Senekal: Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Anatomy, Building, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
Johanna H Nel: Department of Logistics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
Sonia Malczyk: Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Anatomy, Building, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
Linda Drummond: Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Anatomy, Building, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
Janetta Harbron: Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Anatomy, Building, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
Nelia P Steyn: Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Anatomy, Building, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 18, 1-27

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic predictors of malnutrition in two urbanized economically active provinces (Gauteng N = 733, Western Cape N = 593) in South Africa. A multistage stratified cluster random sampling design was applied. Fieldworkers visited homes, measured children aged 1-<10-years old (N = 1326) and administered a questionnaire (mother/primary caregiver). In under-five year old children (N = 674) 21.6% were stunted [height-for-age z-score < −2 SD], 5.6 % underweight [weight-for-age z-score < −2 SD], 10.3% overweight (body mass index-for-age z-score) (BAZ)> +2 SD ≤ +3 SD] and 7.0% obese (BAZ > +3 SD). In 5–<10-year olds (N = 626) 6.7% were stunted, 6.8% underweight, 13.4% overweight and 6.8% obese. Stunting and overweight in the same child was present in 5.7% under-five year olds and 1.7% in 5–<10-year olds. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified having a mother with a post-grade 12 qualification (OR = 0.34) and having an obese mother (OR 0.46) as protectors and being in the under-five age group (OR = 3.73) as a risk factor for stunting. Being in the under-five age group was also a risk factor for a BAZ > 1 (OR 2.39), while being in the third wealth quintile was protective (OR = 0.62). Results indicate that stunting and overweight/obesity are still present at concerning levels, especially in the under-five age group.

Keywords: malnutrition; double burden; children 1 to under 10 years old; stunting; wasting; overweight; obesity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/18/3334/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/18/3334/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:18:p:3334-:d:265828

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().