Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus spp. in Houseflies and Blowflies from Farms and Their Environmental Settings

Anil Poudel, Terri Hathcock, Patrick Butaye, Yuan Kang, Stuart Price, Kenneth Macklin, Paul Walz, Russell Cattley, Anwar Kalalah, Folesade Adekanmbi and Chengming Wang
Additional contact information
Anil Poudel: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Terri Hathcock: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Patrick Butaye: Department of Biosciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre 00265, St. Kitts & Nevis
Yuan Kang: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Stuart Price: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Kenneth Macklin: Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
Paul Walz: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Russell Cattley: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Anwar Kalalah: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Folesade Adekanmbi: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Chengming Wang: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 19, 1-12

Abstract: Background: Antimicrobial resistance is rising globally at an alarming rate. While multiple active surveillance programs have been established to monitor the antimicrobial resistance, studies on the environmental link to antimicrobial spread are lacking. Methods: A total of 493 flies were trapped from a dairy unit, a dog kennel, a poultry farm, a beef cattle unit, an urban trash facility and an urban downtown area to isolate Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus spp. for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular characterization. Results : E. coli , K. pneumoniae and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were recovered from 43.9%, 15.5% and 66.2% of the houseflies, and 26.0%, 19.2%, 37.0% of the blowflies, respectively. In total, 35.3% of flies were found to harbor antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and 9.0% contained multidrug-resistant isolates. Three Staphylococcus aureus isolates were recovered from blowflies while three extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-carrying E. coli and one ESBL-carrying K. pneumoniae were isolated from houseflies. Whole genome sequencing identified the antimicrobial resistance genes bla CMY-2 and bla CTXM-1 as ESBLs. Conclusion: Taken together, our data indicate that flies can be used as indicators for environmental contamination of antimicrobial resistance. More extensive studies are warranted to explore the sentinel role of flies for antimicrobial resistance.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; flies; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Staphylococcus aureus; ESBL (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/19/3583/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/19/3583/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:19:p:3583-:d:270465

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().