Pre-Pregnancy BMI Influences the Association of Dietary Quality and Gestational Weight Gain: The SECOST Study

Heng Yaw Yong, Zalilah Mohd Shariff, Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof, Zulida Rejali, Yvonne Yee Siang Tee, Jacques Bindels and Eline M. van der Beek
Additional contact information
Heng Yaw Yong: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
Zalilah Mohd Shariff: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
Zulida Rejali: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
Yvonne Yee Siang Tee: Danone Dumex (M) Sdn Bhd. Lot 759 (B3), Nilai Industrial Estate, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Jacques Bindels: Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
Eline M. van der Beek: Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 19, 1-12

Abstract: Poor diet quality in pregnancy could impact gestational weight gain (GWG) and consequently fetal growth and development. But today there is limited data available on gestational diet quality. This study investigated the association between diet quality in each pregnancy trimester and GWG in Malaysian women. Diet quality was assessed using the modified Healthy Eating Index for Malaysians (HEI). Total GWG was defined as the difference between measured weight at last prenatal visit and pre-pregnancy weight. About one-fourth of women (23.3%) had excessive total GWG. There were significant differences in the HEI component score across trimesters, except for fruits. Overall, overweight/obese women had lower total HEI score (51.49–55.40) during pregnancy compared to non-overweight/obese women (53.38–56.50). For non-overweight/obese women, higher total HEI scores in the second and third trimesters were significantly associated with lower risk of inadequate GWG (aOR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99, p = 0.01) and higher risk of excessive GWG (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07, p = 0.03), respectively. Overweight/obese women with higher total HEI scores in the second (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07, p = 0.02) and third trimester (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08, p = 0.02) were significantly at higher risk for excessive GWG. Pregnant women had relatively low diet quality throughout pregnancy. Diet quality and GWG association differed according to pre-pregnancy BMI with excessive GWG more likely to be associated with higher total HEI scores in the third trimester.

Keywords: diet quality; healthy eating index (HEI); gestational weight gain (GWG); pre-pregnancy BMI (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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