Kinetic Analysis of Water Fitness Exercises: Contributions for Strength Development

Catarina C. Santos, Luís M. Rama, Daniel A. Marinho, Tiago M. Barbosa and Mário J. Costa
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Catarina C. Santos: Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal
Luís M. Rama: Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-256 Coimbra, Portugal
Daniel A. Marinho: Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
Tiago M. Barbosa: Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Mário J. Costa: Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 19, 1-9

Abstract: The evaluation of propulsive forces in water allows the selection of the most appropriate strategies to develop strength during water fitness sessions. The aim of this study was threefold: (i) to analyze the rate of force production; (ii) to analyze the rate of force variation; and (iii) to compare limbs’ symmetry in two water fitness exercises. Twenty-two young health subjects (age: 21.23 ± 1.51 years old, body mass: 67.04 ± 9.31 kg, and height: 166.36 ± 8.01 cm) performed incremental protocols of horizontal adduction (HA) and rocking horse (RH add ), from 105 until 150 b·min −1 . Data acquisition required an isokinetic dynamometer and a differential pressure system that allowed the assessment of (a) isometric peak force of dominant upper limb (IsometricF D ); (b) propulsive peak force of dominant upper limb (PropulsiveF D ); and (c) propulsive peak force of nondominant upper limb (PropulsiveF ND ). Significant differences were found in the rate of force production (RateF D ) between the majority cadences in both exercises. The RateF D reached ~68% of the force in dry-land conditions, and lower cadences promoted a higher rate of force variation (ΔForce). Most actions were asymmetric, except for the HA at 135 b·min −1 . In conclusion, the musical cadence of 135 b·min −1 seems to elicit a desired rate of force production with a symmetric motion in both exercises.

Keywords: water exercise; propulsive force; isometric force; asymmetries; cadence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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