Attributable Burden and Expenditure of Cardiovascular Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Mexico and other Selected Mega-Countries

Kenny Mendoza-Herrera, Andrea Pedroza-Tobías, César Hernández-Alcaraz, Leticia Ávila-Burgos, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas and Simón Barquera
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Kenny Mendoza-Herrera: Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
Andrea Pedroza-Tobías: Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
César Hernández-Alcaraz: Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
Leticia Ávila-Burgos: Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas: Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabolicas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Simón Barquera: Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 20, 1-26

Abstract: Background: This paper describes the health and economic burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Mexico and other mega-countries through a review of literature and datasets. Methods: Mega-countries with a low (Nigeria), middle (India), high (China/Brazil/Mexico), and very high (the U.S.A./Japan) human development index were included. The review was focused on prevalence of dyslipidemias and CVD economic impact and conducted according to the PRISMA statement. Public datasets of CVD indicators were explored. Results: Heterogeneity in economic data and limited information on dyslipidemias were found. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were higher in Mexico compared with other countries. Higher contribution of dietary risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and greater probability of dying prematurely from CVD were observed in developing countries. From 1990–2016, a greater decrease in cardiovascular mortality in developed countries was registered. In 2015, a CVD expense equivalent to 4% of total health expenditure was reported in Mexico. CVD ranked first in health expenditures in almost all these nations and the economic burden will remain significant for decades to come. Conclusions: Resources should be assured to optimize CVD risk monitoring. Educational and medical models must be improved to enhance CVD diagnosis and the prescription and adherence to treatments. Long-term benefits could be attained by modifying the food system.

Keywords: Mexico; mega-countries; cardiovascular diseases; burden; expenditure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:20:p:4041-:d:278948

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