Environmental Pollution as a Risk Factor in Testicular Tumour Development: Focus on the Interaction between Bisphenol A and the Associated Immune Response

Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro, Ricardo Ramírez-Nieto, Lucía Angélica Méndez-García, Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez, Mariana Segovia-Mendoza, Migdalia Sarahy Navidad-Murrieta and Jorge Morales Montor
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Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro: Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
Ricardo Ramírez-Nieto: Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
Lucía Angélica Méndez-García: Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México 06726, Mexico
Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez: Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Cd de la Cultura s/n, Tepic 63155, Nayarit, Mexico
Mariana Segovia-Mendoza: Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
Migdalia Sarahy Navidad-Murrieta: Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Cd de la Cultura s/n, Tepic 63155, Nayarit, Mexico
Jorge Morales Montor: Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 21, 1-14

Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor to which animals and humans are highly exposed. Many reports have established a relationship between BPA exposure and breast cancer incidence, especially during critical periods of development. However, its effects on the immune response in testicular tumour growth have not yet been described. Thus, we wanted to analyse the effect of perinatal BPA exposure in pregnant female mice and the immune response modulation and tumour growth in an intratesticular cancer model in offspring male mice. Pregnant female mice were exposed to a dose of 250 mg/kg/day/body weight of BPA in their drinking water. In adulthood, male offspring underwent intrascrotal inoculation with 4T1 cancer cells. On day 21 after inoculation, mice were euthanised, and serum was obtained to measure BPA levels using HPLC coupled to mass spectrometry. The percentages of immune cell populations in peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), the spleen and tumours were evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, the tumour expression of IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β was analysed by RT-PCR. Of note, we found detectable circulating levels of BPA in the offspring of mothers exposed to it while pregnant. Remarkably, BPA treatment promoted tumour growth by about 75% compared to mice coming from female mice that did not receive the compound. Perinatal exposure to BPA modulated the percentages of different immune cells in the spleen and PLN. In addition, the expression of inflammatory-related cytokines (IL-10 and TNF-α) in the tumours was significantly enhanced compared to control and vehicle groups. In conclusion, the perinatal BPA administration in pregnant female mice modulated different cellular and molecular immune components that resulted in outstanding testicular tumour size in male offspring.

Keywords: environmental pollution; BPA; endocrine disruptors; cancer; tumour; testicular tumours (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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