Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment due to Fluoride Exposure from Tea Consumption in Iran Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Mohammad Amin Karami, Yadollah Fakhri, Shahabaldin Rezania, Abdol Azim Alinejad, Ali Akbar Mohammadi, Mahmood Yousefi, Mansour Ghaderpoori, Mohammad Hossien Saghi and Mohammad Ahmadpour
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Mohammad Amin Karami: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
Yadollah Fakhri: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shahabaldin Rezania: Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
Abdol Azim Alinejad: Department of Public Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
Ali Akbar Mohammadi: Department of Environmental Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
Mahmood Yousefi: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mansour Ghaderpoori: Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
Mohammad Hossien Saghi: Environmental Health Engineering, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
Mohammad Ahmadpour: Health Education and Promotion, Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 21, 1-10

Abstract: Excessive intake of fluoride can cause adverse health effects. Consumption of tea as a popular drink could be a potential source of fluoride exposure to humans. This research aimed to evaluate the fluoride concentration in tea among the Iranian people using the available data in the literature and to assess the health risk related to the consumption of tea in men, women, and children. The health risk assessment was conducted using the chronic daily intake and hazard quotient according to the approach suggested by the Environmental Protection Agency. The fluoride content in published studies varied noticeably, ranging from 0.13 to 3.27 mg/L. The results revealed that the hazard quotient (HQ) in age groups of women (21–72 years) and children (0–11 years) was within the safe zone (HQ < 1) which showed that there was no potential of non-carcinogenic risk associated with drinking tea in these groups. However, in one case of the men (21–72 years), the HQ > 1 which shows a probable risk of fluorosis. The order of non-carcinogenic health risks in the studied groups was in the order of men > women > children. The results of this can be useful for organizations with the responsibility of human health promotion.

Keywords: Fluoride; Tea; Iran; Health risk assessment; Monte Carlo analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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