Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes in the Gwalior-Chambal Region of Central India

Senthil Kumar Subramani, Dhananjay Yadav, Meerambika Mishra, Umamaheswari Pakkirisamy, Prakesh Mathiyalagen and Prasad Gbks
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Senthil Kumar Subramani: School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
Dhananjay Yadav: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
Meerambika Mishra: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
Umamaheswari Pakkirisamy: Department of Pediatric Nursing, Shivnath Singh College of Nursing, Chirwai Naka, Shivpuri link road, Gwalior 474001, India
Prakesh Mathiyalagen: Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry 605 009, India
Prasad Gbks: School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 23, 1-12

Abstract: Aim: This study evaluated the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Gwalior-Chambal region of India. Methods: A cross-sectional house-to-house survey was conducted on a population of 7608 subjects, aged between 20 and 79 years for fasting blood glucose level in finger-prick blood. Participants were stratified based on blood glucose levels, gender, age, family history, etc. to assess their impact. Result: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in the Gwalior-Chambal region was found to be 11.4% and 5.7%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher in the urban population (12.7%) while that of prediabetes was higher in the rural population (7.9%). Male subjects recorded a higher prevalence of prediabetes (8.2%, OR 1.54 in rural; 5.1%, OR 1.26 in urban) as well as diabetes (rural 9.2%, OR 3.15; urban 16.5%, OR 1.57). Both prediabetes and diabetes were recorded as being higher in those subjects leading a sedentary lifestyle and in the aged population. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was much higher in those with a family history of type 2 diabetes (30.6% in rural, 21.5% in urban). Almost half of the diabetics in the rural population were diagnosed for the first time. The multivariate regression analysis identified male gender, increasing age of 30 years and above, and positive family history as significant risk factors for diabetes whereas age of 40 to 79 and less physical activity were significant risk factors for prediabetes. Conclusion: Family history of diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle appeared as key factors promoting prediabetes and diabetes in the Gwalior-Chambal region. A lack of awareness appeared as one of the major causes of the high prevalence in the rural region.

Keywords: epidemiology; type 2 diabetes; prediabetes; Gwalior-Chambal region; Central India (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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