Gender Difference in General Self-Efficacy among Young-Old Elderly Aged 60–74 in Rural Shandong China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Yali Wang, Lingzhong Xu, Wenzhe Qin, Jiao Zhang, Yu Xia, Xiang Jing, Lu Lu, An’an Jiao and Yaozu Li
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Yali Wang: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Lingzhong Xu: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Wenzhe Qin: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Jiao Zhang: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Yu Xia: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Xiang Jing: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Lu Lu: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
An’an Jiao: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Yaozu Li: School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 24, 1-12

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to explore the determinants of general self-efficacy (GSE) among young-old elderly, with focus on examining the gender difference of general self-efficacy. Methods: Data were collected from the 2017 Survey of the Shandong Elderly Family Health Service, which was conducted by Shandong University. T-test was used to examine the gender difference in GSE. Univariate models and adjusted multiple linear regression model were used to explore the determinants of GSE by gender. Results: The females’ GSE score was lower than that of male participants (26.1 ± 8.1 vs. 28.7 ± 7.7), and there was a significant gender difference (t = 10.877, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression model showed that some factors are common significant determinants of GSE such as age, education level, activity of daily living (ADL), self-rated health, mental health, personality, and whether participants have intimate friends and interpersonal relationships. Hypertension and frequent communication with children were specific determinants of GSE among male young-old. Personal income was a specific determinant of female participants. Conclusion: Some influencing factors of GSE in both genders are identical, the others are different. More attention should be paid for the poor young-old females, young-old males with hypertension, and disabled young-old people.

Keywords: general self-efficacy; gender difference; young-old; China (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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